Adaptive Mechanism of Restoring the Tone of Masticatory Muscles in Non-Removable Prosthetics Supported by Dental Implants

Abstract

This clinical study presents an analysis of the adaptation of 40 patients to non-removable dental prostheses supported by endosteal implants, compared with those supported by natural teeth. The study of masticatory function was carried out before treatment, and then at 3-6 and 6-12 months following the placement of non-removable prostheses supported by endosteal implants. The dominant chewing side was determined, along with the masticatory pressure force using gnathodynamometry, the average maximum amplitude, and muscle force using surface interference electromyography. Measurements were taken separately on the functional dominant and non-dominant sides. In the comparison group, similar parameters were studied in 25 individuals (10 men and 15 women aged 36-60 years) with partial tooth loss, who required dental orthopedic treatment on one jaw and had metal-ceramic fixed bridge prostheses placed on natural teeth. The results of treatment were evaluated based on an objective test using a physician’s questionnaire “Adaptation Forecast to Prosthetic Structures” and the calculation of the disadaptation coefficient in points. Based on the presence (15 cases, 60%) or absence (25 cases, 40%) of a change in the dominant chewing side after treatment, patients were divided into two subgroups. It was found that a change in the functional dominant side is associated with relatively unstable masticatory function indicators, which coincides with increased loads on the prostheses during the 3-6 month adaptation period. This should be considered when planning an individual adaptation program for patients to dental orthopedic structures.