Formation of the Press in Turkestan: “Turkiston Viloyatining Gazeti”
Keywords:
Press, Turkestan region, newspaper, article, journalism, Russian Empire, printing houseAbstract
In the last quarter of the 19th century, a press was formed in Turkestan, and by the beginning of the 20th century, as a result of its expansion, dozens of newspapers and magazines in Uzbek, Russian and other languages began to be published. With the development of the press, the field of journalism has also been formed. This article describes the importance of the appearance of a printing house established in Central Asia after the establishment of the colonial policy of the Russian Empire, and as a result, the development of journalism with the establishment of book printing, newspapers and magazines. It analyzes materials about the Turkiston Publishing Gazette, one of the first newspapers in the development of printing in Turkestan. Efforts have been made to uncover issues such as the creation, content, historical significance of the newspaper and its publication as the first official publication in Turkestan, as well as the impact it had on the local population through information and advertisements in various columns published in the newspaper.
References
Qarang: “Туркестанские ведомости” gazetasi 1871-yil 7-fev.3-son / Turkiston kutubxonasi; “Туркестанские ведомости” 1894-yil 10-fev.son-10 / Turkiston kutubxonasi va boshqa. (Look : "Туркестанские ведомости"newspaper, February 7, 1871, issue 3 / Turkestan Library;" Туркестанские ведомости " February 10, 1894, issue 10 / Turkestan Library and others )
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Alisher Navoiy nomidagi O’zbekiston Respublikasi Milliy kutubxonasi nashryoti “Turkiston viloyati gazeti” ga tuzilgan bibliografik ko’rsatgich. Toshkent-2008. (Bibliographic Index compiled into the “Turkiston viloyati gazeti” of the publishing house of the National Library of the Republic of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi. Tashkent-2008 )
“Turkiston viloyati gazeti”-Turkiston general-gubernatorligi rasmiy matbuoti sifatida 1870-yildan 1917-yilgacha nashr etilgan. Alisher Navoiy nomidagi O’zbekiston milliy kutubxonasi tomonidan “Turkiston viloyatining gazeti”ga bibliografik ko’rsatgich ishlab chiqilgan bo’lib, unda gazeta yoritgan barcha mavzularni qamrab olgan materiallar to’plangan. Qarang: Alisher Navoiy nomidagi O’zbekiston Respublikasi Milliy kutubxonasi nashryoti “Turkiston viloyati gazeti” ga tuzilgan bibliografik ko’rsatgich. Toshkent-2008.
(The " Turkiston viloyati gazeti" -as the official press of the governorate general of Turkestan-was published from 1870 to 1917. The National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi has developed a bibliographic guide to the “Turkiston viloyatining gazeti ", which collects materials covering all the topics covered by the newspaper. See: bibliographic Index compiled by the publishing house of the National Library of the Republic of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi to the “Turkiston viloyati gazeti”. Tashkent-2008 )
Shohimardon Ibrohimov (taxminan 1830–1891) Turkiston general-gubernatorligining tarjimoni bo‘lib, 1870-yilda tashkil etilgan "Turkiston viloyatining gazeti"ning ilk muharriri sifatida faoliyat yuritgan. U 1871-yildan 1883-yilgacha ushbu gazetani boshqargan. Shohimardon Ibrohimov o‘zbek tilidagi birinchi taqvimni tuzgan bo‘lib, u 1871-yilda 500 nusxada chop etilgan. Bu taqvim Rossiya imperiyasi va Turkiston general-gubernatorligi haqida muhim ma’lumotlarni o‘z ichiga olgan. Ibrohimovning faoliyati davomida "Turkiston viloyatining gazeti" mahalliy aholini ruslashtirish siyosatini targ‘ib qilish bilan birga, o‘sha davrning madaniy va ilmiy yangiliklarini ham yoritib borgan.
(Shohimardon Ibrahimov (C.1830-1891) was a translator of the Turkestan governorate general and acted as the first editor of the " Turkiston viloyatining gazeti ", founded in 1870. He ran this newspaper from 1871 to 1883. Shahimardon Ibrahimov compiled the first calendar in Uzbek, which was published in 1871 in 500 copies. The calendar contained important information about the Russian Empire and the Turkestan governorate-general. During Ibrahimov's career, the " Turkiston viloyatining gazeti ", while promoting the policy of Russification of the local population, also covered the cultural and scientific news of the time)
Chonishev Muhammadxasan 1881–1883-yillarda "Turkiston viloyatining gazeti"ning muharriri bo‘lib ishlagan. Uning davrida gazeta mahalliy aholini Rossiya imperiyasining siyosati va yangiliklari bilan tanishtirishga qaratilgan maqolalarni chop etgan.
(Chonishev Muhammadhasan served as editor of the" Turkiston viloyati gazeti " from 1881 to 1883. During his tenure, the newspaper published articles aimed at introducing the local population to the politics and news of the Russian Empire.)
Ostroumov Nikolay Petrovich (1846–1930) 1883-yildan 1917-yilgacha "Turkiston viloyatining gazeti"ning muharriri bo‘lib ishlagan. Uning muharrirligi davrida gazeta Rossiya imperiyasining Turkistondagi mustamlakachilik siyosatini targ‘ib qilishga xizmat qilgan. Ostroumov, shuningdek, mahalliy tillardagi nashrlarning senzori sifatida faoliyat yuritgan va mahalliy masalalar bo‘yicha ma’murlarga maslahatlar bergan. Uning tahrirchilik davrida gazeta sahifalarida paxtachilik, ipakchilik, fan, texnika, adabiyot va san’atga oid maqolalar chop etilgan
(Ostroumov Nikolay Petrovich (1846-1930) served as editor of the " Turkiston viloyati gazetasi" from 1883 to 1917. During his editorship, the paper served to promote the colonial policies of the Russian Empire in Turkestan. Ostroumov also acted as censor of publications in local languages and provided advice to administrators on local issues. During his editorship, newspaper pages published articles on cotton, silk, science, technology, literature, and the arts)
Chernyaev Mixail Grigoryevich (1828–1898) Rossiya imperiyasining harbiylaridan biri bo‘lib, Qo‘qon xonligining bosib olinishida katta faoliyat ko‘rsatgan. U 1864 yilda Chimkentni, 1865-yilda Toshkentning Rossiya imperiyasi tomonidan bosibi olinishida harbiy harakatlarga bevosita boshchilik qilgan, 1865-1866 yillarda turkiston viloyati gubernatori, 1882-1884 yillarda Turkiston generalr gubernatori bo‘lgan. yildan 1867-yilgacha Turkiston general-gubernatorligi tarkibida bo‘lgan. "Turkiston viloyatining gazeti" Chernyaev va boshqa chor amaldorlarining faoliyatini yoritib, Rossiya imperiyasining mustamlakachilik siyosatini targ‘ib qilgan. Gazetada Chernyaevning harbiy yurishlari, siyosati va Turkistonni bosib olishdagi roli haqida maqolalar chop etilgan. Shu bilan birga, gazeta orqali mahalliy aholiga Rossiya hukumati qaror va farmonlarini yetkazish maqsad qilingan.
(Chernyaev Mikhail Grigoryevich (; 1828-1898) was a military man of the Russian Empire who had a great career during the conquest of the Kokand Khanate. He was directly in charge of military action in 1864 in the suppression of Chimkent by the Russian Empire in 1865, governor of Turkestan province from 1865 to 1866, governor of Turkestan generalr from 1882 to 1884. from 1867 it was part of the governorate general of Turkestan. The" Gazetteer of the Turkestan province " covered the activities of Chernyaev and other tsarist officials and promoted the colonial policies of the Russian Empire. The newspaper published articles about Chernyaev's military campaigns, politics and role in the conquest of Turkestan. At the same time, through the newspaper, it is aimed at communicating the decisions and decrees of the Russian government to the local population )
Hoji Muin Shukrullo o‘g‘li (1883–1942) - mashhur o‘zbek yozuvchisi, dramaturg, publitsist va maʼrifatparvar jadid arbobi. U Turkistonda jadidchilik harakatining faol namoyandalaridan biri bo‘lib, o‘zining asarlari va maʼrifiy faoliyati orqali xalqni ilm-maʼrifatga chorlagan, mustamlakachilikka qarshi kurashgan. Hoji Muinning ijodi va faoliyati milliy uyg‘onish davrining muhim qismi hisoblanadi.
(The son of Haji Muin Shukrullo (1883-1942) was a famous Uzbek writer, playwright, publicist and enlightened jadid figure. He was an active exponent of the jadidism movement in Turkestan, and through his works and educational activities, he encouraged the people to learn, fighting against colonialism. The work and work of Haji Muin is considered an important part of the national renaissance.)
“O’zbekiston tarixi” VI-jild. Toshkent “O’zbekiston”-2023. 208-209-b
“O’zbekiston tarixi " Volume VI. Tashkent "O‘zbekiston" -2023. 208-209-p
