Exchange Rate Spillovers From Major Trade Partners to the Uzbek Soum: An ARCH-GARCH Analysis
Keywords:
Exchange rate, spillover effect, BEKK-GARCHAbstract
This study investigates volatility spillovers from the exchange rates of Uzbekistan’s two largest trading partners - the Chinese yuan (CNY) and the Russian ruble (RUB) - to the Uzbek soum (UZS) using multivariate ARCH GARCH methodologies. Employing diagonal BEKK(1,1) models on weekly log returns, we first confirm strong volatility persistence in both the CNY - UZS and RUB - UZS systems. Spillover analysis reveals minimal cross currency effects: in the CNY–UZS pair, only lagged soum variance significantly influences yuan volatility, with no reverse spillover; in the RUB - UZS pair, neither ARCH nor cross GARCH terms attain significance.
References
Ameziane, K., & Benyacoub, B. (2022). Exchange rate volatility effect on economic growth under different exchange rate regimes: New evidence from emerging countries using panel CS-ARDL model. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(11), 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15110499
Beirne, J., Caporale, G. M., Schulze-Ghattas, M., & Spagnolo, N. (2009). Volatility spillovers and contagion from mature to emerging stock markets (ECB Working Paper No. 1113). European Central Bank.
Bhaghoe, S., & Ooft, G. (2020). Modelling exchange-rate volatility with commodity prices (Studies in Applied Economics No. 165). [Publisher details needed if available]
Enders, W. (2015). Applied econometric time series (4th ed.). Wiley.
Engle, R. F. (2001). GARCH 101: An introduction to the use of ARCH/GARCH models in applied econometrics. NYU Stern. https://www.stern.nyu.edu/rengle/GARCH101.PDF
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. (2017). Transition report 2017-18: Sustaining growth. https://www.ebrd.com/documents/oce/pdf-transition-report-201718-uzbekistan.pdf
Georgiadis, G., & Zhu, F. (2019). Monetary policy spillovers, capital controls and exchange rate flexibility, and the financial channel of exchange rates (SSRN Working Paper No. 3374168). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3374168
Giacometti, R., Torri, G., Rujirarangsan, K., & Cameletti, M. (2023). Spatial multivariate GARCH models and financial spillovers. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(9), 397. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16090397
Gupta, M., Srivastava, P., Mishra, A., & Sahoo, M. (2021). Time-varying volatility spillover of foreign exchange rate in three Asian markets: Based on DCC-GARCH approach. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 29(4), 105–120.
Hoshimov, E. A. (2020). Exchange rate policy liberalization and de-dollarization strategy: Evidence from Uzbekistan. International Journal of Economics, Commerce & Management, 8(12), 422-430.
International Monetary Fund. (2022). Republic of Uzbekistan: 2022 Article IV consultation—Press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of Uzbekistan (IMF Country Report No. 22/189). https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/CR/2022/English/1UZBEA2022001.ashx
International Monetary Fund. (2023, December 21). IMF staff concludes staff visit to Uzbekistan. https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2023/12/21/pr23472-uzbekistan-imf-staff-concludes-staff-visit
Kim, B., Kim, H., & Lee, B. (2015). Spillover effects of the U.S. financial crisis on financial markets in emerging Asian countries. International Review of Economics & Finance, 39, 192–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2015.04.005
Kun.uz. (2020, July 22). World Bank comments on “decreasing income” of Uzbek citizens. https://wap.kun.uz/en/news/2020/07/22/world-bank-comments-on-decreasing-income-of-uzbek-citizens
Kuziboev, B., Vysušilová, P., Salahodjaev, R., Rajabov, A., & Rakhimov, T. (2023). The volatility assessment of CO2 emissions in Uzbekistan: Arch/Garch models. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(5), 1-7.
Mattoo, A., Mishra, P., & Subramanian, A. (2012). Spillover effects of exchange rates: A study of the renminbi (Policy Research Working Paper No. 5989). World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5989
National Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2023). Dynamics of foreign trade structure for January-September 2023. https://www.stat.uz/en/press-center/news-of-committee/45887-dynamics-of-foreign-trade-structure-for-january-september-2023
Njegić, J., Živkov, D., & Janković, I. (2018). Interrelationship and spillover effect between stock and exchange rate markets in the major emerging economies. Prague Economic Papers, 27(3), 270-292. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.669
The Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (n.d.-a). Archives of exchange rates. Retrieved April 23, 2025, from https://cbu.uz/en/arkhiv-kursov-valyut/
The Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (n.d.-b). Policy rate. Retrieved April 23, 2025, from https://cbu.uz/en/monetary-policy/refinancing-rate/
Trading Economics. (n.d.). Uzbekistan balance of trade. Retrieved April 23, 2025, from https://tradingeconomics.com/uzbekistan/balance-of-trade
Ugazio, G., & Xin, W. (2024). U.S. monetary policy spillovers to Middle East and Central Asia: Shocks, fundamentals, and propagations (IMF Working Paper No. 2024/014). International Monetary Fund.
Umoru, D., Effiong, S. E., Umar, S. S., Okpara, E., Iyaji, D., Oyegun, G., Iyayi, D., & Abere, B. O. (2023). Exchange rate volatility transmission in emerging markets. Corporate & Business Strategy Review, 4(2), 37–47.
Wise.com. (n.d.). Exchange rate history. Retrieved April 23, 2025, from https://wise.com/gb/currency-converter
World Bank Group. (2016). Global economic prospects, January 2016: Spillovers amid weak growth. https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/GEP/GEP2016a/Global-Economic-Prospects-January-2016-Spillovers-ECA.pdf
World Bank Open Data. (n.d.). Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average). Retrieved April 23, 2025, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?locations=UZ
XE.com. (n.d.). Exchange rate history. Retrieved April 23, 2025, from https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/